The Great Britain - a
parliamentary monarchy.
During the ten century existence (with a brief break between
1649 and 1660 when the country was declared by Republic) the
monarchy has gradually lost initial authority.
The head of the state -
Queen Elizaveta II (since
6.02.1952) which belongs to the Hanover dynasty of the English
monarches, is 40-th under the account the British monarch from time
of a gain of England Normen (1066).
Queen is considered the Supreme carrier of executive
authority of the main judicial system, supreme commander in chief
armed forces, the secular chapter of Anglican church. She(it) has
the formal right to convoke Parliament at session to dismiss the
House of Commons, to authorize the bills accepted by Parliament, to
ratify the international contracts.
Queen is part of " secret advice(council) " - advisory
body in which sit prince - консорт
duke Edinburgh, the successor of a throne prince Welsh,
members of the government, leaders of opposition and other maximum(supreme)
officials. Any bill - the bill - becomes the law not only after
acceptance by his(its) both chambers of parliament, but also after
reception of the royal approval gived from times of the Norman gain
in the ancient formulation: " La Reyne ainsi veult " -
" So queen wants ". However in practice all basic royal
prerogatives are carried out by the cabinet and parliament.
The parliament consists
of Chamber of lords and the House of Commons.
The House of Commons plays
the leading part in his(its) activity. She(it) is selected for the
term of no more than five years and totals 650
Members - on one representative from each of 650 constituencies
on which the territory of the country is broken.
The chamber of lords represents
to some extent an anachronism. Its(her) structure includes the
maximum(supreme) grades of church - 26 spiritual peers (archbishops
Kenterberijsky and Jorksky, and also 24 bishops), 9 lords of the
maximum(supreme) appeal court, representatives of aristocracy - 818
hereditary peers (5 princes of blood, 27 dukes, 38 marquises, 203
column, 138 viscounts and the others - barons). Besides into Chamber
of lords enter 300 life peers who have received a rank for merits
before the native land (industrialists, bankers, scientific, actors,
writers, diplomats etc.). To parliamentary certificates(acts) 1911
and 1949 of the right of Chamber of lords were essentially limited.
Its(her) basic function is consideration and entering of
amendments into the projects submitted by the House of Commons.
Since 1949 behind chamber the right отлагательного
the veto " - the right of a short-term delay of the bill
accepted by the House of Commons while earlier the chamber of lords
in general could reject any bills approved by the lower chamber of
parliament was kept only so-called ".
The maximum(supreme) executive authority in the country is assigned
to the Cabinet which carries out development of a national
policy(politics) in all spheres.
The prime minister on tradition becomes the leader of the party(set)
which have received the majority of places in the House of Commons
on results of general election, authorized by Queen.
The government is formed
by the leader of the party(set) which have received at elections the
majority or the greatest quantity(amount) of places in the House of
Commons. Since 1997. The prime minister -
Энтони (Тони) Блэр.
The government consists of members of the cabinet, the
ministers who are not included in a study, and younger ministers (all
about(near) 100).
Ministers are appointed Queen on presentation of the prime Minister.
As a result of general election in May, 1997 the majority in the
House of Commons the Labour Party (418 places), replaced has
received Conservatives after 18 years of stay of the last from
authority. At Conservatives - 165 places, at the Liberal democrats -
46, other places have divided regional parties(sets) (Юнионистская
a party(set) of Ulster - 10 places, the Scottish national
party(set) - 6, the Welsh Nationalist party - 4 etc.).
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