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Armed forces of the Great Britain consist from: a land forces, military - air forces, the Navies. In regular armed forces of the Great Britain (considering and the colonial armies contained on the British budget) the person is totaled from above half millon.
Suitable for military service men in the age of from 15 till 49 years are considered. On military charges goes 2,7 % of the Total national product (1998г.) - 36,884 billion $. Supreme commander in chief Armed forces of the Great Britain formally is Queen, actually its(her) functions in a management(manual) of armed forces are reduced only to realization of ceremonial celebrations (reviewes, delivery of banners etc.), To delivery of awards and signing of decrees about assignment of military ranks. The basic direction in military construction of the Great Britain is creation small on number, but высокомобильных the armed forces capable to actions, both in conditions of application of the nuclear weapon, and in usual conditions. Thus the main emphasis is done(made) on their qualitative amplification(strengthening), increase of battle readiness, development of the weapon of mass defeat, and also means of delivery of this weapon to the purpose. A land forces receive controlled and unguided rockets, the most modern kinds of a conventional armaments and combat material on arms. The newest kinds of communication(connection), including radio engineering means and computing devices widely take root into armies. The big attention is given creation of a so-called central strategic reserve in territory of mother country and strategic reserves in Africa and Southeast Asia, connections and which parts can be prepared to переброске by air in any part of the world. In questions of construction of the Air Forces the basic attention is given reequipment of parts of strategic aircraft by new, more perfect planes, arms by its(her) guided missiles of a class "air - ground", to reequipment of parts истребительной to aircraft, and also increase of number of military - transport aircraft. Perfection ВМС is carried out, basically, due to construction new and modernizations of the old ships, and also arms of aircraft antiaircraft guided missiles. Авианосная the aircraft arms with the newest jet planes - carriers of nuclear bombs and multi-purpose jet fighters. Besides the ships of working fleet in ВМС the Great Britain there is a significant number of the fighting ships in structure of reserve fleet, the part from which can be put into operation in short terms. The responsibility for preparation of the country to war and for a condition of armed Forces bear(carry) the prime minister and the cabinet as a whole. The Committee of defense and an overseas policy(politics) and the Ministry of Defence are subordinated to the cabinet. In particular, the Committee of defense and an overseas policy(politics) carries out the top management, armed forces of the Great Britain, defining(determining) the general(common) direction of development of armed forces and preparations of the country for war. Coordination of activity of all ministries and departments is assigned to him(it) on the questions concerning construction of armed forces and preparation for war. Into structure of Committee enter: the prime minister, Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister of Finance, minister on affairs of commonwealth of the nations and colonies, and also minister of work and a national duty. The Ministry of Defence directly knows all questions of construction of armed forces, military research work and a military production. On position existing in the Great Britain Minister of Defence - the civil person. It(he) is a member of parliament from among representatives of party in power. With change of a study minister retires. Minister of Defence carries out an operative management(manual) of armed forces through committee of chiefs of staffs. The chairman of committee of chiefs of staffs is the main adviser of Minister of Defence for military questions and simultaneously carries out functions of the chief of a staff of defense. Members of committee of chiefs of a staff are the chief of the imperial Joint Staff, the chief of a staff of the Air Forces and the chief of a sea staff. For the decision of the basic questions of a management(manual) armed forces at Minister of Defence are present the advice(council) of defense consisting of Minister of Defence, the state ministers of kinds of armed forces, the chief of a staff of defense, the chief of the imperial Joint Staff, the chief of a staff of the Air Forces, the chief of a sea staff, the constant deputy minister of defense and the main scientific adviser of the Ministry of Defence. To Minister of Defence are subordinated and the incorporated maximum(supreme) military schools (College of imperial defense and the Incorporated staff college), the incorporated military mission to Washington and the English representatives in military - staff committee of the United Nations and military bodies of the NATO. A land forces of the Great Britain are subdivided на:-regular army; - territorial army; - reserves. The regular army is a basis of a land forces. She(it) is intended for maintenance of interests of the Great Britain in colonies and the dependent countries, realization of its(her) plans in structure of armies of the NATO and preparation of the military staff for mobilization expansion of a land forces on a case of war. Connections and parts of regular army are placed in the Great Britain, on Near and Middle East, in Malaya and in a number of other areas. Basic constant administrative unit of regular army is the battalion (shelfs). Brigade groups and divisions of fighting parts and the divisions which are constantly included in their structure, have no. Feature of a land forces of the Great Britain is presence in their structure besides actually British active armed forces of so-called colonial armies which staff is completed with recruitment of volunteers from indigenous population of colonies and the dependent countries. The territorial army is a first-order reserve of a land forces. She(it) is intended for amplification(strengthening) of a regular land forces, defense of mother country, liquidation of consequences of nuclear attacks in territory of mother country and несения internal service. During mobilization expansion of armed forces the territorial army passes in structure of a regular land forces. The staff of territorial army shares on constant and приписной. In constant the regular officers borrowing(occupying) command and staff posts, various instructors and other persons who are taking place on an active service enter. The great bulk приписного structure is made by the persons served under the law on an obligatory compulsory military service biennial term of an active service in a regular land forces and enlisted for 3,5 years in territorial army, and also the volunteers hired for the term of two, three or four years. Volunteers are authorized to prolong term of recruitment for one, two, three and four years. The persons transferred(translated) from a regular land forces, and the recruited volunteers are enlisted regarding territorial army on a residence whenever possible in those arms of the service in which they served in active armed forces. The structure of regular army includes the following arms of the service and services: - arms of the service: infantry, artillery, бронетанковые armies, engineering armies, armies of communication(connection); - services: supply and transport, артиллерийско-technical supply, repair and restoration, medical, prospecting, саперная (working rear parts), physical preparation, military priests, veterinary, army education, dental surgery, exchequer, a feed(meal), a military police, field жандармерии, female army, medical sisters of queen Alexanders. Arms of the service. The infantry on the purpose(assignment) shares on Guards, linear, air - landing and sea (last is part ВМС). In the English army the centres of acquisition of the infantry parts, called by shelfs, but not being fighting parts till now were kept. Each such shelf - depot fills up with staff some battalions of regular army which carry the same name, as shelf - depot, and have numbers appropriate to a serial number, the appropriated(given) given battalion in it shelf Бронетанковые of an army of the British army are called " royal бронекорпус ". They were formed mainly due to reequipment кавалерийских parts and to a lesser degree by creation new those полков, in communication(connection), with what their traditional names were kept. Tank shelfs, as a rule, are part бронетанковых and infantry brigade groups. The artillery of the British army on applicability is subdivided on field and antiaircraft. To field average concern basically field, artillery, rocket - гаубичные also rocket shelfs, and also shelfs of артиллерийско-tool investigation. To antiaircraft - shelfs of an easy antiaircraft artillery, a shelf of anti-aircraft missiles of a class "ground - air" concern, and also antiaircraft - прожекторные shelfs and radar-tracking parts. Engineering armies are organizationaln show in engineering groups, shelfs and separate эскадроны. Field engineering shelfs are included, as a rule, into structure of connections of overland army. Other parts and divisions are used in structure of case and army parts of the English army. The structure of armies of communication(connection) includes shelfs and эскадроны communications(connections) which can be both in a reserve of the main command, and in structure of connections and parts. On a battlefield Englishmen count the maximum(supreme) operative - strategic association of a land forces group of armies. The brigade group has high mobility, sufficient fire power and shock force and independently is capable to carry out a problem(task) during long time. She(it) is less vulnerable from the nuclear weapon of the opponent, than infantry or бронетанковая a division of the old organization. Brigade groups satisfy the English command also because such small connections easily to throw on the remote territories for suppression of national-liberation movement or conducting the "limited" wars. Arms of the British army. The small arms of the British army in post-war years is substantially replaced with new samples of own manufacture, and also developed in other countries of the NATO. At the same time on arms of armies there is also a significant amount of old samples. In the British army pistol Мк1, 9-mm pistol - machine gun Мк3, the Belgian 7,62-mm an automatic rifle, the Belgian 7,62-mm a uniform machine gun and other samples are accepted, in particular, on arms of 9-mm. About сновными samples of field artillery of the English army now are in 87,6-mm of howitzer - gun Мк2, the 114,3-mm of gun Мк3; The Italian 105-mm a howitzer, the American 155-mm and 203,2-mm of a howitzer. On arms of field artillery the American unguided rockets "Onest John" consist also. At the same time development of new samples of mortars is conducted. So, it is created and the mortar which has the best тактико-specifications, than old samples has acted(arrived) in armies of 81,5-mm, and also the modernized 106,7-mm a mortar is developed. Some types противотанковых guided missiles are developed and taken advantage. In particular, противотанковые guided missiles "Малкара", "Виджилент" and "Python". The antiaircraft artillery of armed forces of the Great Britain is submitted 40-mm by antiaircraft guns Мк2, 40-mm antiaircraft guns L/70, and also 94-mm antiaircraft guns Мк3 which consist on arms полков an antiaircraft artillery. As to self-propelled artillery, on arms of the British army there are basically installations of a domestic production: 87,6-mm self-propelled howitzer - gun "Бишоп", 87,6-mm self-propelled howitzer - gun "Секстон", 105-mm floating self-propelled gun "Аббот", 139,7-mm a self-propelled howitzer - gun, 76,2-mm self-propelled противотанковая gun "Арчер" and self-propelled antiaircraft installations. Except for that the British command buys in USA of 155-mm self-propelled howitzers and 175-mm self-propelled guns. On arms of prospecting parts and divisions the American easy tanks, in particular, easy tank M24 " Чаффи " consist. Average tanks " Чариотер " and "Центурион", consisting on arms of the English army, own manufacture. In armed forces of the Great Britain there are caterpillar armored troop-carriers "Cambridge" and "Троуджен", wheel armored troop-carriers "Сарацин" and "Хембер", armored cars "Феррет" and "Саладин". Is on arms and the floating caterpillar armored troop-carrier F.V.432 "Троуджен" intended for transportation of staff. It(he) is considered the basic armored troop-carrier of the British land forces. On the basis of floating armored troop-carrier "Троуджен" a series of fighting machines for a land forces is created: self-propelled mortars, self-propelled instruments, mobile command items(points), sanitary and other machines. From organic переправочных means the British army has inflatable boat Мк3, landing aluminium boat Мк4 and high-speed landing. For the miss(passing) of infantry through narrow water barrier foot bridges are used. On arms of army foot bridges of the American design from which one complete set the bridge in length of 144 m gathers, and also foot bridges of the English manufacture on kapron floats consist. By the special engineering machines consisting on arms of the British army, mine trawls, саперные tanks, tank мостоукладчики are, mine разградители and tank bulldozers which have armored protection and are capable to make engineering works under fire of the opponent. On arms of the Air Forces easy bombers "Canberra" In 6 and In 8 and "Canberra" In 15 and In 16, tactical fighters "Хантер" FGA.9, fighters - interceptors "Хантер" and "Джавелин" FAW.8, planes - scouts "Canberra" PR.7 and "Хантер" FR.10, scouts of coastal aircraft "Шэклтон" MR.2, transport planes " Беверли " C.1, "Hastings" With 2, "Аргоси" With 1, "Pioneer" and " the Twin the pioneer ", helicopters " Уирлуинд " and "Бельведер" consist. The structure of the Air Forces of England includes strategic bombers, strategic prospecting planes and planes - заправщики. In particular, on arms of the Air Forces of the Great Britain two types of average strategic bombers consist: " Volcano "In 2", Victor " In 2 which can lift in air of bombs of 9500-16000 kg with a charge usual ВВ or nuclear bombs with a trotyl equivalent in some сот килотонн. Distant prospecting plane HS.801 is patrol plane of coastal command and represents plane " comet " altered for the prospecting purposes With 4. The tactical aircraft includes easy (tactical) bombers such as " Canberra ", tactical fighters such as " Хантер " and tactical prospecting planes such as " Canberra " PR.6 and " Хантер " FR.10. The basic prospecting planes of the Air Forces of the Great Britain are " Хантер "FR.10", Шэклтон " MR.2 and " Canberra " PR.7. In some cases as tactical prospecting planes can be involved " Canberra " PR.9 and " Валиант " In (PR) .1. On arms of the military - transport Air Forces of the Great Britain the following planes consist: " Беверли " With 1 and With 2; " Hastings " With 2; " the Twin the Pioneer " With ?.2 and With ?.3; " Britain " With 1 and With 2; " the Comet " With 2 and With 4; " Аргоси " With 1; " Эндовер " With 2, From " Oat-flakes " (American), " Бельфаст " With 1 and VC-10 With 1. Planes " comets ", " Аргоси "," Эндовер "From" Oat-flakes "," Бельфаст " With 1 and VC-10 With. More and more wide application in armed forces of the Great Britain is found with helicopters. There are 12 helicopter stations. On arms some types of the helicopters intended for transportation of armies and cargoes on ТВД, air and landing десантирования armies and combat material, communication(connection), evacuation раненых, investigations, updatings of artillery fire and огневой supports of armies consist. To easy helicopters concern: " Скитер "Мк12", Сикамор " Мк14 and "Scout" Мк1. To the general purpose helicopter concern " Wessex "Мк2", Уирлуинд " Мк1, 2, 3, 4 and 10. By Транспортно-landing helicopters are "Бельведер" Мк1 both "Wessex" Мк3 and 5. In structure VMS (working and reserve fleet) Great Britain - nuclear rocket submarines, shock aircraft carriers, cruisers, эскадренные torpedo boats, submarines, landing вертолетоносцы, patrol ships, trawlers, the landing ships etc. Aircraft ВМС is armed with modern planes, including штурмовики - carriers of the nuclear weapon of types "Баканнир" Мк1 and Мк2, fighters - bombers such as "Симитер" and fighters - interceptors " Си Виксон ", having onboard a rocket " Ред Топ "class" air - air ". The sea infantry is organizationaln show in some battalions. " Арк Ройял " about 40 planes are capable to place the largest English shock aircraft carrier. The advanced British cruisers are cruisers such as "Тайгер". Them onлное displacement about(near) 12000т. They are armed with four 152-mm of an artillery piece in two towers and six 76-mm of antiaircraft automatic devices. British эскадренные torpedo boats of post-war construction have modern artillery arms (six 114-mm of automatic dual-purpose guns in three two-cannon towers and four - six 40-mm of antiaircraft automatic
devices).
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